[标签:介词,高考,备考]
介词用法比较复杂,但亦有规律可循。
案例探究
1.________production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A.As B.For C.With D.Through(NMET2000)
命题意图:本题根据句意和结构考查介词用法,属于五星级题目。
知识依托:with 复合宾语结构。
错解分析:四个选项均为介词,有一定迷惑性。
解题方法与技巧:句中with 名词(宾语) 副词(宾补)结构作状语表示原因。例如:Tian An Men looks grander than ever with all lights on.在华灯掩映下,天安门显得更加雄伟壮观。
答案:C
2.The home improvements have taken what little there is ________my spare time.
A.from B.in C.of D.at(NMET2001)
命题意图:考查介词of的用法,属于五星级题目。
知识依托:little of my spare time.意思是仅有的业余时间。
错解分析:B项迷惑性较大,受 in one"s spare time短语影响。
解题方法与技巧:of在此表示中的部分/全部,与名词little连用。该句为一个含有感叹式宾语从句的主从复合句,连接代词what修饰的是在从句中作主语的名词,little提到从句之首,little前无冠词表示否定,意为少到几乎没有,如:
I understand little of his speech.他的讲话我几乎没有听懂。
答案:C
锦囊妙计
介词比较复杂,注意以下表示原因的介词。
①because of表示引起结果的直接原因,意义与连词because相同。例如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.上个月他因病退休了。
②for表示内在的、心理上的原因,常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用;还可表示某种动作或结果的起因。而连词for则表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。
例如:He trembled for fear.他怕发抖。
Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。
When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。
③by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如:
Her body was bent by age.岁月使得他的腰也弯了。
The general died by his own hand.将军自杀了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.她错拿了你的雨伞。
④at表示某种情绪或动作的起因,多与喜,怒,哀,乐等义的词连用,常译作听到,看到。例如:
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.听到这个消息,全国人民极为悲痛。
He jumped at the news.听到这个消息,他蹦了起来。
⑤on表示能作为依据或条件的原因,常译为依照。例如:
He has given up smoking on medical advice.他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。
⑥of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、饥饿、寒冷,或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果;die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时,二者均可。from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如:
His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.儿子死于战争后,老人也因伤心过度而亡。
In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.寒冷的冬天,大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。
She died of /from cancer. 她死于癌症。
He wasn"t ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.他没病,他躺在床上只是偷懒。
⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因,意为随着。例如:Gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。
⑧owing to,相当于because of,多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如:
Owing to the rain they could not come.都是因为那场雨他们才没能来。
Owing to his lacking of experience,John failed this time.因为经验不足,这次约翰又失败了。
注:owing to也可表示欠钱之意。How much is he owing to you?他欠你多少钱?
⑨thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为幸亏,多亏。例如:
Thanks to the timely rain,the farmer had a good harvest.多亏那场及时雨,农民才有了个好收成。
⑩out of表示动机的起因,常译为出于。例如:
He asked the question out of curiosity.出于好奇,他提了这个问题。
He did it out of pity.他做那事是出于同情。