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08高考英语复习:使用名词要“义”准“数”清

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例五:Of the seven days in the a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ____ for a wedding in some countries.

  A. way B. situation

  C. event D. choice

  答案D。考查异义词的辨识。在一周的七天中,星期六是人们最喜欢的“选择”,因此,使用choice一词。

  例六:Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.

  A. point B. idea

  C. attitude D. sight

  答案C。考查名词的搭配。“…towards…”考查名词的搭配结构。“attitude towards…”……的态度。其他三个选项一般不搭配这个介词。

  例七:I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a (n)________ of personal taste.

  A.affair B.event

  C.matter D.variety

  答案C。考查名词的搭配。“……事关个人的口味”,选择a matter of。

  例八:Zhenghe made several _______across the oceans to look for new continents.

  A. journeys B. trips

  C. voyages D. travels

  答案C。考查同义词区别。几个选项词义都是旅行,但只有voyages和海上旅行有关。

  例九:Anna’s father showed too much to her little brother, which made her unhappy.

  A.action B.favour

  C.manner D.will

  答案B。考查异义词的辨识。favour喜欢,喜爱。

  例十:——What a pleasant ______ these trees give us!

  ——Why not stop here and have a rest in it?

  A. shadow B. shade

  C. scene D. place

  答案B。考查近义词区别。shade为“遮阴地”,shadow为“影子”。

  例十一:I haven"t got a single _____ from Aunt Mary since I last saw her.

  A. advice B. news

  C. message D. information

  答案C。考查名词“数”的判断。advice ,news , information均为不可数名词,不能用不定冠词来直接限定。

  例十二:“I don’t think it’s my ________that the TV blew up.I just turned it on,that’s all,”said the boy.

  A.error B.mistake

  C.fault D.duty

  答案C。考查同义词辨析。fault侧重于造成差错的主观责任;error、mistake侧重于“错误”这一客观事实;而duty则是指责任、义务、该做的事。

  二、名词“数”清,词义才能记准

  学习名词,同学们一般都是只注意名词的“义”,往往会忽略名词的“数”;有时是注意“数”了,但却是用汉语“数”的概念来想英语单词的“数”,于是就出现了许多典型的错误。

  例:Father went to his doctor for ______ about his heart trouble.

  A.an advice B.advice

  C.advices D.the advices

  答案B。advice为不可数名词,不能直接用不定冠词限定,也不能使用复数。本题容易误选A和C。

  英语里,名词有“可数名词(countable noun)”和“不可数名词(uncountable noun)” 之分,而可数名词又有“单数(singular form)”和“复数(plural form)”之别。学习名词,首先要注意其分类标注。名词词义的区别和一词多义,都是建立在名词分类基础上的。

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