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英语语法:判断关系代词与关系副词

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  • 发布时间:2011-10-25 22:59:55
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方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
    This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
    I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

    判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
    (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
    (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
    (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
    (对) I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

    习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

    方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
    A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one
  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
    A. where  B. that  C. on which  D. the one
  答案:例1 D,例2 A

  例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
  例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
    在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
    而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
    关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

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