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2010年高考备考难点之阅读词义猜测题

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  • 发布时间:2013-11-09 09:53:24
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猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识,对上下文的理解及自身的生活 经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义,是阅读理解题中的难点。

  案例探究
  1.A child"s birthday party doesn"t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.
  Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesn"t have to be that way,said Anaclerio.Last summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called A Party in a Basket.Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything.
  Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the home in a large basket.
  Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,Anaclerio said,and they"re very interactive(互动) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.For example,at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.
  The standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitation,gifts,games and prizes,paper goods,a party planner and the like.For more information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.
  Question:What does the underlined word hassle(Paragraph 1) probably mean?
  A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought
  C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests
  命题意图:本题考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力,实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。属五星级题目。
  错解分析:本题错解的原因主要是反义词领会不准确。
  解题方法与技巧:(1)通读全文,抓文章大意,可知文章旨在推荐一种home party-planning business,其目的在于帮助父母及孩子筹办家庭晚会,从而把此工作化麻烦为乐趣。(2)仔细观察首段文字,doesn"t have to be a hassle和can be a basket of fun 互为反义,故可以推出答案。
  答案:C

  2.LONDON(Reuters)-Organic fruit,delivered right to the doorstep.That is what Gabriel Gold prefers,and he is willing to pay for it.If this is not possible,the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.
  Organic produce is always better,Gold said.The food is free of pesticides(农药),and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms.And more often than not it is locally(本地) grown and seasonal,so it is more tasty.Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.But how many shoppers really know what they are getting,and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce?Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reason for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete.For example,small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products.And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported(进口) to meet growing demand.The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year,so it is a very fast-growing market, said Sue Flock,a specialist in this line of business.
  Question:What is the meaning of the organic trend as the words are used in the text?
  A.growing interest in organic food B.better quality of organic food
  C.rising market for organic food D.higher prices of organic food
  命题意图:考查学生通过推理判断来猜测词义的能力。属五星级题目。
  错解分析:本题错解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相关语句,没能把上下文串起来。
  解题方法与技巧:(1)通读全文,了解全文大意:越来越多的人热衷于有机食品。
  (2)联系上下文。由第一段That(即Organic fruit) is what Gabriel Gold prefers,第二段Organic produce is always better,Gold said.可知Gold对Organic food深感兴趣,再根据Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend,and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him,可知Gold是越来越多的喜爱Organic food的购物者中的一员,而且全英国的超级市场也正依赖(count on)越来越多的像他这样的人(来赚钱)。因此可得出答案。
  答案:A

  锦囊妙计
  1.通读全文,领会大意。

  2.对上下文进行逻辑推理。

  3.利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法(派生、合成、转化)等推测词义。

  4.依靠自己的生活常识和社会经验进行判断。

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